SearchThe adverbial participle shows if an action performed simultaneously with the main action of the sentence or one after another:
| Simultaneously | One after another |
| If to create adverbial participle you use an Imperfective (IPFV) verb. | If to create adverbial participle you use a Perfective (PFV) verb. |
| Example: Она улыбалась, читая(IPFV) книгу. She smiled while reading a book. |
Example: Прочитав(PFV) книгу, она пошла гулять. Having read a book, she went for a walk. |
How to form adverbial participle:
IPFV adverbial participle = (IPFV verbal stem in present time, in the third person, plural form-THEY) + suffix -А (after consonants Ш, Щ, Ж, Ч) / suffix -Я (in other cases)
PFV adverbial participle = PFV infinitive stem + suffix -В / -ВШИ (for verbs ending on -ся)
Examples:
| Adverbial participle = | verb | + suffix | = result (comments) |
| дыша (IPFV) видя (IPFV) гуляя (IPFV) |
они дыш-ат они вид-ят они гуля-ют |
-А / -Я | дыш-а (-А after consonants Ш, Щ, Ж, Ч) вид-я (-Я for IPFV verbs) гуля-я (-Я for IPFV verbs) |
| убрав (PFV) убравшись (PFV) |
убра-ть убра-ть-ся |
-В -ВШИ |
убра-в (for PFV verbs) убра-вшись (for verbs ending on -СЯ) |
